The 257 articles in my sample were written by a total of 719 authors, with a range of 1 to 13 per article. The institutional affiliations of authors were used to determine geographic representation. This post looks at where authors were located and compares the publishing patterns of those based in the Global North (GN) versus the Global South (GS).*
1. Author subsets
Two article subsets were created in order to more closely analyze the types of OA articles published by authors based in the Global South versus the Global North. For this purpose, any article with at least one GS-affiliated author was designated as a GS article. In some cases, authors indicated multiple affiliations, with one institution that was located in the GN and another in the GS. When this occurred, the article was assigned to the GS subset.
Global South AuthorsTwo article subsets were created in order to more closely analyze the types of OA articles published by authors based in the Global South versus the Global North. For this purpose, any article with at least one GS-affiliated author was designated as a GS article. In some cases, authors indicated multiple affiliations, with one institution that was located in the GN and another in the GS. When this occurred, the article was assigned to the GS subset.
All in all, 65 unique articles (or 25% of the total sample) had at least one author based in the Global South. Here is the breakdown of types of OA articles within the GS subset, as well as the number of solo vs. co-authored articles.
31 (48%) = diamond OA (14 by solo authors; 12 South-South collaborations; 5 North-South collaborations)
25 (38%) = gold OA (8 South-South coll.; 17 North-South coll; no solo GS authors)
7 (11%) = hybrid OA (all North-South coll.)
2 (3%) = green OA (both North-South coll.)
How often were GS-based authors listed as the first author?
- 14 articles with solo authors
- 20 articles with all GS co-authors
- 13 articles with a mix of North-South co-authors that listed a GS author first
In sum, a total of 47 articles, or 72% of the GS subset and 18% of the total article sample, listed a first or solo author from the Global South.
Global North Authors
A total of 192 unique articles (or 75% of the overall sample) were published by authors affiliated solely with Global North institutions. Here is the breakdown by OA type within the GN subset (with a surprisingly even distribution across the first three categories):
53 (28%) = hybrid OA
52 (27%) = diamond OA
50 (26%) = gold OA
37 (19%) = green OA
2. Country representation
The graph below provides a ranking of the 257 articles in the sample based on the country affiliations of each article's solo or first author. A total of 48 countries made the list, with 28 in the GN and 20 in the GS.
As noted above, the articles in my sample were written by a total of 719 authors; the graph above focuses on lead authors. A comprehensive list that reflects all locations of Southern-based authors, including co-authors, would add the following eight countries: Bangladesh; Chile; Iraq; Myanmar; Pakistan; Peru; Thailand; and United Arab Emirates.
Related post:
- Blog Series: Patterns in Open Access Publishing - Pt. 1
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